Arthritis is a term used to describe a number of painful conditions of the joints and bones. Arthritis literally means inflammation of one or more joints. Arthritis is frequently accompanied by joint pain. A joint is an area of the body where two different bones meet. A joint functions to move the body parts connected by its bones. Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the breakdown of the joint's cartilage. Cartilage is the part of the joint that cushions the ends of the bones and allows easy movement of joints. The breakdown of cartilage causes the bones to rub against each other, causing stiffness, pain and loss of movement in the joint. Osteoarthritis is known by many different names, including degenerative joint disease, Osteoarthrosis, hypertrophy arthritis and degenerative arthritis. Rheumatoid Arthritis is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. It is a disabling and painful inflammatory condition, which can lead to substantial loss of mobility due to pain and joint destruction. RA is a systemic disease, often affecting extra-particular tissues throughout the body including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Atiya Khanum
Dr. Atiya Khanum obtained her M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Botany from the Osmania University, Hyderabad. Dr. Khanum has worked on the ecology of two lakes of Hyderabad with special reference eto Planktonic and Mat-forming algal communities. She is Associate Professor and Head of the P.G. Department of Botany. Nawab Shah Alam Khan Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research (Affiiated to the Osmania University), Anwarul Uloom College Campus, Mallepally, Hyderabad. She teaches Ecology, Environmental Biology and Phytogeography to the Post Graduate students at this center. She has published 34 research articles in reputed journals. Dr. Khanum has also co-authored three text books and co-edited nineteen reference books with her husband, Dr. Irfan Ali Khan.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Irfan Ali Khan
Dr. Irfan Ali Khan obtained his M.Sc. from the Alilgarh Muslim University and Ph.D. in Botany from the Osmania University, Hyderabad, specializing in Genetics and Plant Breeding Dr.Khan is the Director of Nawab Shah Alam Khan Centre for Post graduate Studies and Research (Affiliated to the Osmania University), Anwarul Uloom College Campus, Mallepally, Hyderabad. He teaches Post Graduate students and guides research scholars at this center. He has publsiehd 135 research papers in the reputed National and International Journals and is now panel of experts on mungbean for all countries of the South-East Asia and the Middle East. His name has been included in the Directory of contribution of Muslim Plant Scientists in India. Dr. Khan has been the editor of "frontiers in Plant Science", has edited twenty six reference books and has co-authored three text books with his wife, Dr. Atiya Khanum. He is a Fellow of the Indian Society of Genetics (F.I.s.G.).
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