India is the top provider of surrogacy services in the world, with a multi-million dollar surrogacy industry that continues to grow exponentially, as increasing numbers of couples from developed nations look for wombs in which to grow their babies. Some scholars have exulted transnational surrogacy for the possibilities it opens for infertile couples, while others have offered bioethical cautionary tales, rebuked exploitative intended parents, or lamented the exploitation of surrogate mothers. However, very little is known about the experience of and transaction between surrogate mothers and intended parents outside the lens of the many agencies that control surrogacy in India.
Drawing from rich interviews with surrogate mothers and egg donors in Bangalore, Discounted Life focuses on the processes of social and market exchange in transnational surrogacy. Sharmila Rudrappa interrogates the creation and maintenance of reproductive labor markets, the function of agencies and surrogacy brokers, and how women become surrogate mothers.
The author argues that this reproductive industry is organized to control and dis-empower women workers and yet her interviews reveal that, by and large, the surrogate mothers in Bangalore found the experience life affirming. Rudrappa explores this tension, and the lived realities of many surrogate mothers whose deepening bodily com-modification is paradoxically experienced as a revitalizing life development.
A detailed and moving study, Discounted Life delineates how local labor markets intertwine with global reproduction industries, how Bangalore’s surrogate mothers make sense of their participation in reproductive assembly lines, and the remarkable ways in which they negotiate positions of power for themselves in progressively untenable socio-economic conditions.
Contents: Introduction: Markets in Life. Part I. The Labor Market for Surrogate Mothers. 1. Reproductive interventions. 2. Converting social networks into labor markets. 3. The many meanings of surrogacy. Part II. Incorporating Pregnancy and Childbirth into the Market Economy. 4. Locating surrogacy in child sharing and wage labor. 5. Babies as commodities. 6. Fetuses as persons, surrogate mothers as nonpersons. 7. Surrogacy as a gift. Conclusion: Discounted Life. Notes. Index.
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