Islam in the Public Sphere: Religious Groups in India, 1900-1947

Islam in the Public Sphere explores the contestation of the public sphere by different Islamic groups and traditions in colonial India. It traces the genesis of madrasa-based movements and Islamic groups in South Asia and helps understand the roots of the current state of Islamic activism and militancy in the region. Reetz presents a detailed comparative analysis of debates, activities, and institutions of major Islamic groups and movements between 1900 and 1947. he studies a wide range of reformist and revivalist traditions. These include seminary movements organized around a particular lead madrasa (Deobandi, Barelwi, Nadwa, Firangi Mahall) and revivalist groups attempting to increase religious awareness in ritual observance, in public life, and in politics, such as the Tablighis or the Ahi-I-Hadith. This book discusses how, in response to the political awakening during the anti-colonial movement, these groups set out to chart territories, mark areas of influence, and raise stakes of control and competition, not unlike mainstream political parties. Examining rare source material such as the speeches and documents of the Jamiyyat-e-Ulama-e Hind, the Ahrar, and the Khaksar, Reetz concludes that there is a close connection and continuity between the beginnings of these groups before Independence and their current incarnations in the subcontinent. This book will be an interesting read for historians, political scientists, and journalists as well as scholars and students interested in religious studies and the history of Islam and Islamic groups, with respect to nationalist politics in South Asia.