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Pakistan carried out six nuclear explosions on 28 and 30 May 1998 at the Chagai test site in reaction to India’s conduct of five nuclear tests about two weeks earlier. Expectedly, the tests provoked strong international condemnation. On the eve of, and following the tests, Islamabad pointed out that its action was basically reactive to the Indian tests and necessary to ensure the survival of Pakistan. The country’s unlimited energy conservation needs ...
The proliferation of Jihadist organizations in Pakistan over the previous two decades had been the result of a militant cultural espoursed by radical madrasas like Darul Uloom Haqqania. Thousands of madrasas across the country became hubs for militancy and religious extremism, having a spill-over effect and presenting a serious threat to Pakistan's internal security. Pakistani madrasas were once considered centres for basic religious learning, mostly attached to ...