M.M. Bakhtin has emerged as one of the major literary critics of the twentieth century. His importance in various fields, such as semiotics, literary theory, sociology, linguistics, psychology, and anthropology, is increasingly recognized. His posthumous fame comes in stricking contrast to his obscurity during his lifetime (1895-1975). His books on the Freudianism (1927), on Formalism (1928) and on Marxism and the Philosophy of Language (1929) were published as ...