Modelling of Power System Components

Modelling of Power System Components is a prerequisite course for the study of Power System Analysis, Operation and control. Models for several electric power network components are not readily available for dynamic studies. In this book these models are presented in a lucid way. In chapter 1 per unit relations and primitive network models are reviewed. Chapter 2 deals with graph theory that is relevant to various incidence matrices required in network modeling and these different incidence matrices are presented in Chapter 3. In chapter 4 the various methods of obtaining network matrices in both impedance frame and admittance frame are discussed. Step by step procedure for building ZBUS or YBUS is explained in chapter 5. The methods discussed also include the procedure for incorporating changes in network incorporating addition and removal of network elements. For the analysis of unbalanced networks symmetrical components are reviewed in chapter 6. In order to obtain powerinvariance in both the systems of components modified sequence components using unitary transformation are discussed in chapter 6. Chapter 7 deals with three phase network building algorithm. Distinction between stationary and rotating three phase network elements is also discussed. Sequence components are derived for both types of network elements. Chapter 8 presents the detailed analysis of synchronous machines using Park’s two axis model. Phasor diagrams for transient as well as steady state operation are developed. Equivalent circuits for various machine reactances are also presented. Lastly, for electromechanical imbalance, the swing equation is derived. Chapter 9 deals with speed governor and excitation system modeling. These two are extremely important for the control problem as load frequency control and voltage control are the major factors for consideration in operation. Finally chapter 10 explains briefly the line models, off nominal turn – ratio transformer and phase shifting transformer models. An exhaustive coverage is given for load models of various types. It is earnestly hoped that this book will serve the needs of both the teachers and the students.