The Wheel of Law: India’s Secularism in Comparative Constitutional Context

How can religious liberty be guaranteed in societies where religion pervades everyday life? In The Wheel of Law, Gary Jacobsohn addresses this dilemma by examining the constitutional development of secularism in India within an unprecedented cross-national framework that includes Israel and the United States. He argues that a country’s particular constitutional theory and practice must be understood within its social and political context. The experience of India, where religious life is in profound tension with secular democratic commitment, offers a valuable perspective not only on questions of jurisprudence and political theory arising in countries where religion permeates the fabric of society, but also on the broader task of ensuring religious liberty in constitutional polities. India’s social structure is so entwined with religion, Jacobsohn emphasizes, that meaningful social reform presupposes state intervention in the spiritual domain. Hence India’s ‘ameliorative’ model of secular constitutionalism is designed to reduce the disabling effects of the caste system and other religion-based practices. Jacobsohn contrasts this with the ‘visionary’ secularism of Israel, where the state identifies itself with a particular religion, and with America’s ‘assimilative’ secularism. Jacobsohn concludes that constitutional globalization is as much a reality as economic globalization, and within this phenomenon the place of religion in liberal democracy is among the most vexing challenges confronting us today. A richly textured account of the Indian experience with secularism, developed in a broad comparative framework, this book will be of immense value to scholars and students of law, political science, sociology, and general readers interested in issues of secularism and law.