Women in the Unorganized Sector of India: Including a Case Study of Women in the Embroidery Industry in Surat City

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According to the final report of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) released in April 2009, workers in the unorganized (or informal) sector constitute more than 93 percent of the total workforce of India. Unorganized sector workers are those who do not have any job security, income security or social security and are therefore extremely vulnerable to exogenous shocks.

The problems of women workers in general and in the unorganized sector in particular deserve special emphasis and focus in view of their marginalized position within the class of workers. Even when women are not employed in the sense of contributing to the national output, a considerable share of their time in consumed by socially productive and reproductive labour. This is what is called the double burden of work that distinguishes women for men.

A number of national and international studies have documented the sex-typing of jobs and occupations by women. Sexual division of labour has implications for the wages earned. Permanency in the job and the possibilities for upward mobility in the industry. The overall picture that emerges is one of greater disadvantage for women workers in general and those belonging to rural as well as Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribes in particular.

This book deals with the problems of women in the unorganized sector of India. The policies and programmes of the Government to address these problems are also discussed. Importantly, it includes a case study of women in the embroidery industry of Surat city of the Indian state of Gujarat.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Rameshwari Pandya

Dr. Rameshwari Pandya did her B.Sc. and B.Ed. from Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi and secured her M.Sc., M.ed. and Ph.D. degrees from the Mahaeaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat. She is the recipient of Shrinati Leela Ben Shah Gold Medal for her academic excellence. She is a senior faulty member in the Faculty of Family and Community Sciences at the Maharaja Sayajiro Univeristy of Baroda. She is in-charge of Pragati, the urban extension wing of the Faculty. She is a member of the Board of Studies, the Senate, and Syndicate of the University. Dr. Panday has published 10 books and 100 research papers in professional journals of repute. She has successfully completed several projects including one major project titled Promotion of Communal Harmony funded by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi. She has attended and organized a number of workshops, seminars, conferences and short-term courses at the state, national and international levels.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Sarika Patel

Sarika Patel secured her B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees and Post-graduate Diploma in Development Management from the Faculty of Family and Community Sciences of the M.S. University of Baroda. She has published a number of articles in reputed journals. She has been involved in research and extension, writing reports and supervision of research projects. Her areas of interest are development communication, and women studies.