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Terrestrial vegetation exerts a decisive role in regulating the energy and mass exchanges which occur between the solid earth and the atmosphere. Forests, grasslands and agricultural lands control the global production of food, wood and other materials and require the application of effective management practices directed towards sustainable development. Monitoring vegetation on different spatial and temporal scales is therefore becoming increasingly important to ...
Reproductive process in fish is significant physiologically and is of considerable interest, not only for basic research but also for practical application, given the many different species of fish, their key position in vertebrate phylogeny and the increasing importance of aquaculture as a food resource. Seasonal reproduction is governed by endogenous circannual rhythms (biological clocks), which are entrained by various external factors. In facts, fishes ...
Herbal medicine has been used in principle as sole medicine from ancient time all over the world. At present, herbal medicine is included from healthy foods to medical drugs. In western medicine using modern clinical therapies, the drugs derived from herbal drugs are quite a few; for instance, digitalis, atropine, morphine, ephedrine, reserpine, curare, aspirin, and so on. Traditional herbal medicine is composed of a lot of herbs, and one herb (crude drug) ...
Nowadays, discoveries that arise from basic science are rapidly used in practical applications. Examples of this are the development of equipment, instruments and new techniques for the clinical treatment of a never-ending number of ailments. As a consequence, no book can be considered as exhaustive, neither can one faithfully report the state of the art of a specialty at the moment it is published. Both study and theoretical and practical updating are ...
The medicinal systems based on cultural framework thus created a new discipline of “ethnomedicine”. Ethnomedicine (eth·no·med·i·cine/eth? no-med´i-sin/ eth'·no·me?·di·sin) or ethnic medicine or “folk medicine” is the medical systems based on the cultural beliefs and practices of specific ethnic groups or particular culture and concern about the care and treatment of illness. The ...
The world population has increased four-fold during the 20th century from about 1.5 billion to 6.1 billion. Recently, the population in developed countries became constant, however, the population is consistently increasing in developing countries, and the world population in 2050 is estimated to be 9.0 billion. Therefore, sufficient supply of food to support an increasing population is essential at the global scale as well as for each country. During the 20th ...
The mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs that have been investigated more extensively are certainly those related to low drug retention of cancer cells. From the discovery of P-glycoprotein, a large family of ATP-binding cassette transporters have been identified in almost three decades of research by hundreds of scientists all over the world. This very intense effort is highly justified by the fact that resistance is still a very important obstacle to ...
This book has been planned to incorporate new discoveries and concepts in immunoparasitology as well as the ever-growing areas of host-parasite relationship and cross-regulated among parasite development the immune system and other host system, such as the metabolism.
All the authors in this book have made invaluable contributions to the knowledge of the interaction between parasites and the immune response with great expertise, so that each chapter is an ...
Many herbs have been well documented in traditional Chinese medical books for treating eye diseases. These herbs can be used in their original from or in an extracted from. Many commercial products prepared from herbs are available in pill from. Herbs for treating eyes can be used alone or as complementary therapy. In this paper, we reviewed the effects of some well-studied herbs on diseases of eyes. They included Trigonella foenumgraecum L. Sodium Orthovandate, ...
Polysaccharides and Polysaccharidases play a vital role in the food chain notably in human foods and animal feed. Polysaccharides are widely used in food industries as thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and low calorie substitutes. In contrast, polysaacharidases are key processing aids which help to improve the yield, quality and texture of food and feed as well as to produce high value functional food ingredients. This book consists of eight chapters covering ...