The thirteenth century opened new vistas in the world history, particularly Asia. It witnessed the rise and fall of different dynasties and ultimately allowed the Mongols to survive as the mightiest power in China, Russia (Kipchak), Central Asia, and Persia for more than a century. They brought under their sway the Islamic lands of the Orient except Indian where the Turks had already established themselves as a powerful state during this period. The present study ...
