Decentralisation is referred to as a process of sharing of powers by the central ruling groups with other groups, each having authority within a specific area or the state. From the point of view of norms, it means presence of formal political structures for each defined area representing a combination of local as well as central interest, who exercise the powers of decision making at the local level and such allocation of powers is protected by formal as well as normative rules accepted by the centre. With focus on instrumentalities of local self-governance of Panchayati Raj (PR) bodies, the present work analyses the provisions in Central and State PR acts, the critical issue of exercising powers and apprehensions thereof affecting effective and autonomous discharge of developmental functions between centre and states, denial of overall control to Gram Sabha. Further, following the discussion on the concept of institution, distinction between public organisation and bipolarity of institution-building process, the present work also discusses Panchayats as institutions and the 73 and 74 constitutional amendment. Then, with a diagnostic angle, it identifies the factors that could account for PRI’s institutionalisation – such as politicisation, leadership, boundary management, environment, etc. We hope, the work will be of immense importance to those involved in policy planning, administrators, academicians etc.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Arvind Kumar
Dr. Arvind Kumar (b. 23-03-1953), University Professor, Department of Zoology, S.K. University, Dumka has 24 years' experience as an outstanding teacher and researcher. He is a recipient of National Merit Scholarship all through his college and university years and got meritorial fellowship of CSIR, New Delhi. He has been awarded Professor W.A. Nizami Gold Medal by the Zoological Society of India in 2000during 11th annual Congress. He did his M. Sc. In Zoology in 1976 and Ph.D. in 1982 on Eco-Physiology of Aquatic Insect from Bhagalpur University. He has done pioneering work in the field of limnology, aquatic insect ecology, biodiversity, conservation and tribal ecology. Dr. Kumar has successfully guided more than 11 research scholars for Ph.D. and got more than 205 research articles and reviews published in reputed national and international journals. He has authored/ edited more than 15 books and is also on the Editorial Board of more than a dozen esteemed national and international journal. Dr Kumar is a fellow, life-member and member of number of organizations and is also working as office bearer of some of them. Dr. Kumar has charied a number of sessions of different seminars/ symposia. He was also made convener of the National Symposium organized by S.K. University in 1998. He has been invited to different Universities, such as, University of Madras, Chennai, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, etc. to deliver lectures' on different topics of Environmental Sciences. Presently, Dr. Kumar is the Charman of Board of Environment Impact Assessment & Ecoplanning, Jharkhand, President of Tribal Ecoconservation Society ad Secretary General of Society of Environmental Sciences. He is also the Chief Editor of Journal of Current Sciences and the Editor of Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning. Professor Kumar has visited Switzerland, France, Germany, Italy & Vienna in 2005 and China, Japan & Singapore in 2006 in order to deliver lectures during international symposia. He is a fellow, life member and member of number of organizations and is also working as office organizations and is also working as office bearer of some of them. Dr. Kumar has chaired a number of sessions of different seminars/symposia in India and abroad. He has been editing there international scientific journals at a time regularly since more than fifteen years and is Editor-in-Chief of The Ekologia , Chief Editor of Journal of Current Sciences & Editor of Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning. Dr. Kumar is also the hon'ble member, Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board, Ranchi.
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