The waste water generated from urban and industries contain heavy metals depending upon their source of generation. Water is becoming a scarce commodity even for irrigation purpose when its present share of 85% of available water resources is likely go down to 68% by 2050. Under this situation, the farmers have to use such waste waters for irrigation.
Heavy metals are among the most dangerous contaminants of environment. The accumulation of heavy metals in various human or animal organs-lead to various diseases. The heavy metals have presented a danger to living species, Cd, Cr, and Pb need special mention. Since soil can no lo0nger bear a greater loading of these metals, vegetation can be the only means to extract and reduce toxicity of heavy metals. But this reduction in soil might increase concentration in animals and human beings. Therefore, there is need to understand nature of metals, the way they become absorbed, the amounts needed and the toxic levels.
While choosing the subject matter and problem, emphasis has been given to absorption, solubility of metals in soil, contamination in soil and underground water, soil-water-plant relationship including soil and plant factors affecting uptake, bioavailability of heavy metals and their impact on crop production as well as uptake and biotransformation in animals, human beings and aquatic life. Remediation techniques are discusses at the end.
It is hoped that this book will prove very useful to students, teachers, researchers, extension workers, planners and administrates.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR G L Maliwal
D. G.L. Maliwal saw the light of the day on 16th November, 1942, obtained M.Sc. (Ag.) from Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur in 1965 and Ph.D. Degree from University of Udaipur, Udaipur in 1968. Dr. Maliwal had post doctoral research at Moscow State University, Krasnadar, USSR in 1968-1970. During the last 38 years of active research and education, Dr. Maliwal has made valuable contribution in the field of irrigation water quality, soil salinity, utilization of waste water in Agricultural, water management and dry land farming; and guided several M.Sc. (Ag.) and Ph.D. students. He held responsible position at University of Udaipur, Udaipur (1966-76) and Gujarat Agricultural University (1976-2002). Before retirement, he was principal Investigator of the project on “use of urban and industrial effluents in agricultureâ€, G.A.U., Anand Centre financed by World Bank. Dr. Maliwal was the active member of different expert committees constituted by state and central government in the field of salinity and pollution. As a devoted researcher, authentic writer and critical reviewer, Dr. Maliwal has 210 original research papers, books, bulletins and popular articles in national and international journals to his credit. He has made more than 80 recommendations for farming community and got “Sardar Patel Agricultural Research Award†for 1998-99 by Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar. Dr. Maliwal’s studies on soil pollution in industrial areas and industrial waste disposal and sewage water irrigation are valuable contribution in the field of environment and pollution management.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR K P Patel
Dr. K P Patel (b.1959) obtained M.Sc. Ag. From PAU and Ph.D. from I.A.R.I. and is working as Research Scientist (Professor) at AAU, Anand. Dr. Patel has made a valuable contribution in the field on micro-nutrients, heavy metals, pollution and utilization of waste water in agriculture. He has handled different projects financed by ICAR, SSPA, Rallis, FAI, Unimar, Coromandel Fertilizer Ltd., IOCL, PPIC, GACL, Department of Forest and Environment, Government of Gujarat and Agri BOR, Mumbai. He has been awarded i) Sardar Patel Agriculture Research Award, ii) Chaudhary Devi Lal outstanding AICRP Award 2001 (jointly) iii) FAI Golden Jubilee Award and iv) Hari Om Ashram Prof. J P Trivedi Award. He has attended the training at EPA, Chicago, USA on Advances in Analytical techniques related to use of effluent in Agriculture.
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