History of Measurement and Evaluation

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Before and during world War II, a variety of testing programmes and services were developed. They were uncoordinated, and some were financially and professionally weak. Some educational leaders, particularly President James B.Conant of Harvard, felt that there would be great advantages to combining as many as possible of these into a single strong testing agency. After several years of planning and negotiating, the Educational Testing Service was established in 1947. Both the American Council on Education and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching turned over their testing programems and services to ETS and got out of the business themselves. The College Entrance Examination Board turned over to ETS the operation of its programmes but remained in existence itself as a policy-making association of colleges and secondary schools.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR D. Smith

Professor D. Smith did his graduation from London University with psychology as a subject and moved to Australia. He did his M.Sc. in psychology and his Ph.D from Australian University, Sydney. He did teaching job in various colleges of Australia and New Zealand. Dr. Smith conducted research in the field of measurement and evaluation for various governmental organisations in Australia. Dr. Smith has extensively travelled in various countries of the world especially in the developing world. He has published many useful books on measurement and evaluation and he writes continuously for various research journals.