Elements of tectonics are briefly described. Principles of plate tectonics and types of plate margins are dealt with in the book. What are the causes for plate movements and mid-oceanic ridges are also included. How the Himalaya was evolved in various states of uplift and northward drift of India are some important aspects. The tectonic architecture, various structural zones and models of metamorphism are included in the book. The Himalaya is seismically active and the seismic gap in Garhwal and Kumaun is prone to earthquakes. Minor structures reflect the major structures and are of five phases. Petrotectonics and structural petrology are significant tools for crystal deformation in Garhwal region. The Himalaya and Alps have many similarities and contrasts. Thrust tectonics with modern approaches gives a new insight about the tectonic forces which affected the Himalayan Orogen. Neotectonics is significant in the Himalaya which has been reflected by the earthquakes of the restless Himal.
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