The Court and the Constitution of India: Summits and Shallows

Born on 1st November, 1936 in Jammu, Justice Anand graduated from J & K University in 1958 and obtained his LL.B. Degree and Diploma in Labour Laws from Lucknow University in 1960 with first division, and Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Laws (Constitutional Law of the Commonwealth) from London University in 1963. He was called to the Bar from the Hon'ble Society of Inner Temple in London in 1964. Practiced Law in Punjab and Haryana High Court in Chandigarh. Justice Anand was first appointed as additional Judge of J and K High Court on 26-5-1975 when he was 38 years and 6 months only. Later he was confirmed as permanent Judge in 1976. Apponted as Acting chief Justice, High Court of J & K in June 1984, and Chief Justice of same High Court in May 1985. He was also Chief Justice of High Court of Madras from November 1989 till November 1991. Elevated to the Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in 1991 and became Chief Justice of India with effect from 10th October, 1998 till 1st November, 2001. He is elected Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission w.e.f. 17th February, 2003. He was Executive Chairman and later on Patron of the National Legal Services Authority of India. While he was Judge and Chief Justice of the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir he headed various Enquiry and Investigative Commissions. He had been a part-time Lecturer at Punjab University, Chandigarh and Member of the Board of Studies, Faculty of Laws at Kashmir University and Jammu University and Member of the Governing Body of Islamia College, Srinagar. He participated in various National and International Conferences, notable among them being the Appellate Judges conference at Manila (Philippines) in 1977; at New Delhi in 1984; The Law Asia Conference in 1984 and 1986; SAARC Law Conference at New Delhi in 1994; World Wide Common Law Judiciary Conference, 2nd, 3rd and 4th held at Washington in 1997, at Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1999 and Canada in 2001 respectively; SAARC Chief Justices' conference at Colombo, Sri Lanka in October 1998; Chief Justices' Conference and SAARC Law Conference at New Delhi in 1994; World Wide Common Law Judiciary Conference, 2nd, 3rd and 4th held at Washington in 1997, at Edinburgh (Scotland) in 199 and Canada in 2001 respectively; SAARC Chief Justices' Conference at Colombo, Sri Lanka in October 1998; Chief Justices' Conference at Nepal (2000); Law Asia Conference of Chief Justices at Seoul (1999) and in Newzealand (2001). He authored the books titled "The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir-Its Development and comments" and "Justice for Women-Concerns and Expressions"; written various Articles on Legal Issues particularly about protection of Human Rights. He was unanimously elected as President of the International Institute of Human rights Society (Regd.) in 1996; Awarded the Degree LL.D. (Honoris Causa) by Lucknow University (1996), by Punjab University Chandigarh (2001) and by Banaras Hindu University (2003); Awarded Fellowship of the University College, London (1997); Elected as Hony, Bencher of the Hon'ble Society of Inner Temple, London (1998); Awarded Degree of D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) by Jammu University (1999); Awarded Honorary Fellowship for Life by the Society of Advanced Legal Studies, London (2000); Law Asia conference of Chief Justices at Seoul (1999) and in Newzealand (2001). He authored the books titled "The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir-Its Development and Comments" and "Justice for Women-Concerns and Expressions"; written various Articles on Legal Issues particularly about protection of Human Rights. He was unanimously elected as President of the International Institute of Human Right Society (Regd.) in 1996; Awarded the Degree LL.D. (Honoris Causa) by Lucknow University (1996), by Punjab University Chandigarh (2001) and by Banaras Hindu University (2003); Awarded Fellowship of the University College, London (1997); Elected as Hony. Bencher of the Hon'ble Society of Inner Temple, London (1998); Awarded Degree of D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) by Jammu University (1999); Awarded Honorary Fellowship for Life by the Society of Advanced Legal Studies, London (2000); Recipient of Shiromani Award 2002; Awarded Degree of LL.D. (Honoris Causa) by Banaras Hindu University on 29th November, 2003 for Achievements and Contribution to the Development of Law and Protection of Human Rights; Recipient of Plaque of Honour from University of Lucknow "for outstanding contribution to the Country and Society" on 25th November, 2004.

O. Chinnappa Reddy is among the most distinguished members of the Indian Judiciary. He was judge of the Supreme Court of Indian Judiciary. He was judge of the Supreme Court of India from 1978 to 1987. From 1967 to 1978 he was judge, High Court of Andhra Pradesh and briefly the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. He served as Chairman, Karnataka Backward Classes Commission, 1978-80, whose report remains a widely quoted classic on the subject. As a judge of the Supreme Court, Justice Reddy was the author of many well-remembered and admired judgments including those in rhw Mc Dowell decision on tax evasion, Swadeshi Mills on the principles of natural justice, Bijoe Emmanuel, the national anthem case, and Bhim Singh on damages in administrative law. His pronouncements in the B.K. Srinivasan V. State of West Bengal were pioneers in the development of Environmental Law in India. He co-authored the Ratlam Municipality case along with Justice Krishna Iyer which laid the foundation for all public Interest Litigation in the country.

Upendra Baxi is Professor of Law, School of Law, University of Warwick. He was formerly Professor of Law, Faculty of Law and Vice-Chancellor, University of Delhi, Delhi.