Literature and Education

Critical scholars in applied linguistics and related areas have investigated the effects of the ideology of the native speakers along with several other ideologies on research and practice in various educational contexts. Researchers working in post modern paradigms, while not disputing the benefits of such critical research, have none the less questioned basic assumptions that have informed such research. The critical turn in linguistics and applied linguistics has placed in doubt many of the foundational concepts that have guided research in the language sciences since at least the advent of modern linguistics in the mid-19th century. Punjabi is a vibrant modern language. The recognition of Punjabi as an independent language was hampered also by the lack of scientific and detailed linguistic information on the language Punjabi is a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the states of Punjab in Pakistan and India. There have been numerous calls to conduct classroom-based research the reality is that we still know little as to what really goes on in the foreign language classroom, and even less about the knowledge and beliefs that inform the teachers. Instructional decisions, particularly with respect to culture instruction. It is important to point out that much of the literature is methodological and theoretical in nature.